Theremino is a theremin built with an Arduino UNO and two ultrasonic sensors.
Devices and components
Arduino Uno Rev3
Jumper wires (generic)
Speaker: 0.25 W, 8 ohms
Non-volatile digital potentiometer, 10 kohm
Half Size Seamless Breadboard
Ultrasonic sensor - HC-SR04 (generic)
Project description
What is a theremin?
About this project
The sensors
Voltage input.
Tension mass.
Trigger: Sends an ultrasonic pulse via a digital write to the program.
Echo: Receives the ultrasonic pulse when it bounces.
Volume (amplitude)
Tone (frequency)
Sound (output)
Video demo
Enclosure
Arduino Code Theremin
arduino
1/*
2 This projects is a theremin created with two ultrasonic sensors, one controls the frequency (tone) and the other controls the amplitude (volume).
3 This project is a fork of two projects:
4 - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/opus9/theremino-f72d32 (this project had library conflicts)
5 - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/jvmccall/ultrasonic-theremin-033d6f (this project had typo errors in the code and a mistake in the schema)
6 Resource on controlling similar potentiometer using SPI protocol, provides example code and electrical setup: http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MCP4131-digital-potentiometer-circuit.php
7*/
8
9/*
10 Potentiometer conecctions:
11 1 - Arduino pin ~9
12 2 - Speaker +
13 3 - GND
14 4 - 5V
15 5 - Arduino pin ~10
16 6 - Arduino pin 13
17 7 - Arduino pin ~11
18 8 - GND
19 More info https://app.ultralibrarian.com/details/23D04BE7-10A0-11E9-AB3A-0A3560A4CCCC/Microchip/MCP4161-103E-P
20*/
21
22// NewTone is used to avoid the timer incompatibiliy of Tone with NewPing. Download https://bitbucket.org/teckel12/arduino-new-tone/downloads/ and import .zip
23#include <NewTone.h>
24#include <NewPing.h>
25#include <SPI.h>
26
27#define MIN_DISTANCE 35
28
29NewPing sonar(5, 6, 35); // the first and the second number are the pins of the sensor of volume, the third is the maximum distance
30
31// For SPI
32byte address = 0x00;
33int CS= 10;
34
35int echo = 3;
36int trigger = 4;
37
38int distance;
39int PotValue;
40
41unsigned long TimeResponse;
42float distance2;
43float tone1;
44
45void setup() {
46 // set all the pins
47 Serial.begin(9600);
48 pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT); // tone sensor
49 pinMode(echo, INPUT); // tone sensor
50 pinMode (CS, OUTPUT);
51 SPI.begin();
52
53 // this has the speaker emit a start up sound from Low to High to Low
54 digitalPotWrite(255);
55
56 for (int i = 50; i <= 400; i++)
57 {
58 pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
59 NewTone(9,i);
60 delay(10);
61 }
62
63 delay(500);
64
65 for (int i = 400; i >= 50; i--)
66 {
67 pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
68 NewTone(9,i);
69 delay(10);
70 }
71}
72
73void loop() {
74 digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
75 delayMicroseconds(10); // creates a 10 microsecond pulse
76 digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
77 TimeResponse = pulseIn(echo, HIGH); // records how long it took to receive echo of the pulse
78 distance2 = TimeResponse/58; // calculates distance in centimeters
79
80 if (distance2 < MIN_DISTANCE) {
81 // conversion of distance into a value for a sound
82 tone1 = 50.0*pow(2,(distance2/12.0)); // calculate frequency, range of about 50-360 Hz
83 pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
84 NewTone(9,tone1);
85 } else {
86 pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // this sets the sound to a high pitched noise when no distance is detected
87 NewTone(9,0);
88 }
89
90 distance = sonar.ping_cm(); // uses the library NewPing to calculate distance
91
92 // distance is converted to Potentiometer relevant values
93 int PotValue = map(distance, 0, 35, 240, 255); // only use a range of resistance which is very low otherwise the speaker is too quiet because it is only a 8 ohm speaker
94
95 if (distance == 0) // sets volume to max when no hand is detected or if hand is too far away
96 {
97 PotValue = 255;
98 }
99
100 digitalPotWrite(PotValue);
101 delay(10);
102}
103
104int digitalPotWrite(int value) {
105 digitalWrite(CS, LOW); // this uses SPI protocol to communicate with the potentiometer and sets the resistance
106 SPI.transfer(address);
107 SPI.transfer(value);
108 digitalWrite(CS, HIGH);
109}
Arduino Code Theremin
arduino
1/*
2 This projects is a theremin created with two ultrasonic sensors, one controls the frequency (tone) and the other controls the amplitude (volume).
3 This project is a fork of two projects:
4 - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/opus9/theremino-f72d32 (this project had library conflicts)
5 - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/jvmccall/ultrasonic-theremin-033d6f (this project had typo errors in the code and a mistake in the schema)
6 Resource on controlling similar potentiometer using SPI protocol, provides example code and electrical setup: http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MCP4131-digital-potentiometer-circuit.php
7*/
8
9/*
10 Potentiometer conecctions:
11 1 - Arduino pin ~9
12 2 - Speaker +
13 3 - GND
14 4 - 5V
15 5 - Arduino pin ~10
16 6 - Arduino pin 13
17 7 - Arduino pin ~11
18 8 - GND
19 More info https://app.ultralibrarian.com/details/23D04BE7-10A0-11E9-AB3A-0A3560A4CCCC/Microchip/MCP4161-103E-P
20*/
21
22// NewTone is used to avoid the timer incompatibiliy of Tone with NewPing. Download https://bitbucket.org/teckel12/arduino-new-tone/downloads/ and import .zip
23#include <NewTone.h>
24#include <NewPing.h>
25#include <SPI.h>
26
27#define MIN_DISTANCE 35
28
29NewPing sonar(5, 6, 35); // the first and the second number are the pins of the sensor of volume, the third is the maximum distance
30
31// For SPI
32byte address = 0x00;
33int CS= 10;
34
35int echo = 3;
36int trigger = 4;
37
38int distance;
39int PotValue;
40
41unsigned long TimeResponse;
42float distance2;
43float tone1;
44
45void setup() {
46 // set all the pins
47 Serial.begin(9600);
48 pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT); // tone sensor
49 pinMode(echo, INPUT); // tone sensor
50 pinMode (CS, OUTPUT);
51 SPI.begin();
52
53 // this has the speaker emit a start up sound from Low to High to Low
54 digitalPotWrite(255);
55
56 for (int i = 50; i <= 400; i++)
57 {
58 pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
59 NewTone(9,i);
60 delay(10);
61 }
62
63 delay(500);
64
65 for (int i = 400; i >= 50; i--)
66 {
67 pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
68 NewTone(9,i);
69 delay(10);
70 }
71}
72
73void loop() {
74 digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
75 delayMicroseconds(10); // creates a 10 microsecond pulse
76 digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
77 TimeResponse = pulseIn(echo, HIGH); // records how long it took to receive echo of the pulse
78 distance2 = TimeResponse/58; // calculates distance in centimeters
79
80 if (distance2 < MIN_DISTANCE) {
81 // conversion of distance into a value for a sound
82 tone1 = 50.0*pow(2,(distance2/12.0)); // calculate frequency, range of about 50-360 Hz
83 pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
84 NewTone(9,tone1);
85 } else {
86 pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // this sets the sound to a high pitched noise when no distance is detected
87 NewTone(9,0);
88 }
89
90 distance = sonar.ping_cm(); // uses the library NewPing to calculate distance
91
92 // distance is converted to Potentiometer relevant values
93 int PotValue = map(distance, 0, 35, 240, 255); // only use a range of resistance which is very low otherwise the speaker is too quiet because it is only a 8 ohm speaker
94
95 if (distance == 0) // sets volume to max when no hand is detected or if hand is too far away
96 {
97 PotValue = 255;
98 }
99
100 digitalPotWrite(PotValue);
101 delay(10);
102}
103
104int digitalPotWrite(int value) {
105 digitalWrite(CS, LOW); // this uses SPI protocol to communicate with the potentiometer and sets the resistance
106 SPI.transfer(address);
107 SPI.transfer(value);
108 digitalWrite(CS, HIGH);
109}
Downloadable files
Arduino Theremin Circuit Design
Arduino Theremin Circuit Design
Note: Content and images are from: https://projecthub.arduino.cc/, with some modifications.
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